Solution: Incident Response and Change Forensics

Replay exactly what changed, who changed it, and when

Investigations start with reconstruction. Someone greps logs across accounts while the incident is still open, trying to establish what the environment looked like an hour ago. imPAC keeps the evaluated configuration history continuously, so the first question is already answered. Cut investigation from 8 to 12 hours across a team down to 15 minutes for one person.

Built for security leads, incident commanders, and cloud operations teams running AWS, Azure, and GCP.

imPAC change timeline showing configuration state before and after an incident
15 minutes
to establish what changed, down from 8 to 12 hours
1 person
runs the investigation instead of pulling in a team
Agentless
built from data your cloud already produces
AWS + Azure
change attribution to the individual actor today

Half your incident is spent establishing what the environment looked like before it broke.

The technical work of remediation is rarely the long part. The long part is reconstruction: pulling logs from multiple accounts, correlating timestamps across services, and working out which of the several hundred changes made that day is the one that matters. Every organisation we talk to does this by hand, during the incident, under pressure.

Logs tell you events happened, not what state resulted

A change event says an API call was made. It does not say what the resource configuration looked like before or after, and it does not say whether the resulting state violated a control. Reconstructing state from an event stream is possible and it is exactly what teams do at 2am, which is why it takes hours and produces disputed conclusions.

Event stream
PutBucketAcl ok 14:02:11
AssumeRole ok 14:02:14
PutBucketPolicy 14:02:19
GetBucketAcl ok 14:02:22
UpdateStack ok 14:02:31
which one broke it?
Config diff
prod-assets-01
− public: false
+ public: true
14:02:19 UTC

Nobody knows who made the change

Attribution usually means correlating an activity log entry to a directory identity by hand, if the correlation is even possible. Without it, the post-incident review produces a process recommendation instead of a conversation, and the same change happens again next quarter.

Change actor
Activity log
a3f9c1e0-7b2d-4e88
Resolved
J. Okafor
Platform Eng

Entra display names correlated automatically.

AI agents are making changes faster than review can keep up

Your cloud already changed hundreds of times a day from engineers, pipelines, and third party tools. Copilots and agents now make changes too, at machine speed and often without an obvious human behind them. Reconstruction by hand was barely workable when every change had a person attached. It does not survive this.

Daily cloud changes by origin
Human Machine
7 quarters ago today

From alert to root cause in four steps

Capture continuously, correlate across accounts, attribute to an actor, then export the timeline.

imPAC inventories configuration across AWS, Azure, and GCP agentlessly and records each evaluated state as it changes. Nothing needs to be enabled at incident time, because the record already exists. This is the part that has to be in place before you need it.

Incidents rarely stay inside one account. Changes are correlated into a single timeline so a permission change in one account and a storage change in another appear in the same view, in order, with the relationship between the affected assets visible.

See which identity made each change, resolved to a human where the cloud provider allows it. On Azure this means correlating activity log entries to Entra display names automatically, which is work most teams do by hand or skip. Available for AWS and Azure today.

Produce a clean change timeline with affected resources, before and after states, and actors, ready for the post-incident review, the regulator, or the customer notification. The same record satisfies the auditor who asks about the incident six months later.

One timeline, every account the incident touched

Changes correlated across accounts and regions in order, with before and after state and the actor behind each one.

imPAC incident timeline correlating configuration changes across cloud accounts

What you get in the first 15 minutes

The question on the left, how the investigation goes with and without a retained history.

What changed?
Filtered change timeline scoped to the affected assets and window
Grep across account log streams
What did it look like before?
Before and after configuration diff for each affected resource
Reconstruct from event history
Who did it?
Actor resolved to an identity, human where the provider allows
Manual correlation, often abandoned
What else was touched?
Related assets surfaced through configuration relationships
Discovered later, usually the hard way
Did the fix hold?
Continuous re-evaluation confirms the remediated state persisted
Someone checks manually, once

imPAC covers the cloud configuration layer: what changed, when, and who changed it. It is not runtime detection and it does not replace your EDR or SIEM. It answers the reconstruction question those tools leave to your team.

“When something goes wrong, imPAC gives us the context to respond in minutes rather than hours. The historical data means we are not scrambling. We already know who changed what, and when.”

-CIO, Food and Beverage Company

What a 15 minute investigation means for your team

Investigation in minutes

Cut the reconstruction phase from 8 to 12 hours down to a 15 minute triage.

One responder, not a war room

Stop pulling four engineers into a call to answer a question one person can now answer alone.

Start with facts

Begin the investigation with what changed rather than spending the first hours establishing it.

Attribution, not speculation

Post-incident reviews name the change and the actor, so the corrective action is specific.

Machine changes tracked too

Pipeline, third party, and AI agent changes are recorded on the same timeline as human ones.

Evidence ready afterwards

The same timeline satisfies the auditor, the regulator, and the customer asking what happened.

Frequently Asked Questions

How is this different from CloudTrail or Azure Activity Log?
Those record that an event occurred. imPAC records the evaluated configuration state that resulted, before and after, correlated across accounts and evaluated against your controls. You can build some of this yourself from raw logs, which is precisely the several hours of work this removes.
Does this work if we did not have imPAC installed before the incident?
History accumulates from the day imPAC connects, so it will not reconstruct an incident that predates deployment. This is the honest constraint of the category and it is worth connecting before you need it rather than after.
Do you support change attribution on GCP?
Change capture works across AWS, Azure, and GCP. Attribution to an individual actor is available for AWS and Azure today. We would rather tell you that plainly than have you find out during an incident.
Does this replace our EDR or SIEM?
No. Those handle runtime and endpoint detection. imPAC handles the cloud configuration layer, which is where the reconstruction problem lives. They are used together, and the timeline imPAC produces is frequently attached to the SIEM case.
Can we automate the response, not just the investigation?
Yes. Playbooks generate tickets with remediation steps attached, and re-evaluation confirms the fix actually took. The investigation speed is the headline, but closing the loop is the part that prevents the repeat.
imPAC Labs

Bring us your last incident

Tell us roughly what happened and how long the reconstruction took. We will show you what the same investigation looks like when the change history is already there.

Book a Demo